One-pot synthesis of soluble wholly aromatic liquid crystalline copoly(ester amide)s with high thermal and dimensional stability

Abstract

Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs) have been of great interest for electronic packaging. Herein, we introduce a series of wholly aromatic, thermotropic LCPs from copoly(ester amide)s of 6-hydroxy-2-naphthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, and 4-aminophenol, prepared by a convenient one-pot melt polycondensation. Almost synthesized copoly(ester amide)s exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents at room temperature. Furthermore, they possessed high thermal stability with 2% degradation temperatures (T_id) of 359–368?°C and the char yields (at 600?°C) of 50.3–55.6%. The synthesized copoly(ester amide)s had relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) values, which were 35.85–41.21?ppm °C^?1 in the temperature range of 50–200?°C. Furthermore, an annealing process could be employed to improve the thermomechanical properties of synthesized polymers. For instance, the CTE of sample LCP3 in range temperature of 275–315?°C was reduced by more than 90% after annealing at 320?°C for 1?h, implying the feasibility for electronic packaging.     

Collineation measurement: A method for constructing the imperial citadel of Thang Long in harmony with nature

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is a crucial case in ancient Vietnam’s planning and design history. Although historical materials indicate that the orientation of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long has a dialectical unity relationship with the surroundingmountains, current research is only speculative generalization and lacks empirical analysis. Based on existing findings, this paper identifies the collineation measurement as a generalmethod in the Sinosphere countries for determining spatial orientation. Using a mixed-method of historical archives, fieldwork and simulation model, this paper summarizeshistorical cluesandthreedesignperspectives related to spatial orientation by statistical analysis. Further, it analyzes the logic and application of collineation measurement in constructing the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long. The results show that Vietnamese designers used Tàn Viên Mountain as a component of Thang Long city by collineating the twomountain peaks to the west. Tàn Viên Mountain and the highlands extending eastward fromit are used as the key to establishing the position of the Imperial Citadel, setting the spatial structure of human settlements, and the development of city space. The location, layout, and formof important buildings in the Imperial Citadel are also closely related to the surrounding landscape within 50 km.     

Failure load prediction and optimisation for adhesively bonded joints enabled by deep learning and fruit fly optimisation

Adhesively bonded joints have been extensively employed in the aeronautical and automotive industries to join thin-layer materials for developing lightweight components. To strengthen the structural integrity of joints, it is critical to estimate and improve joint failure loads effectually. To accomplish the aforementioned purpose, this paper presents a novel deep neural network (DNN) model-enabled approach, and a single lap joint (SLJ) design is used to support research development and validation. The approach is innovative in the following aspects: (i) the DNN model is reinforced with a transfer learning (TL) mechanism to realise an adaptive prediction on a new SLJ design, and the requirement to re-create new training samples and re-train the DNN model from scratch for the design can be alleviated; (ii) a fruit fly optimisation (FFO) algorithm featured with the parallel computing capability is incorporated into the approach to efficiently optimise joint parameters based on joint failure load predictions. Case studies were developed to validate the effectiveness of the approach. Experimental results demonstrate that, with this approach, the number of datasets and the computational time required to re-train the DNN model for a new SLJ design were significantly reduced by 92.00% and 99.57% respectively, and the joint failure load was substantially increased by 9.96%.     

壳牌气化炉激冷口盘管损坏原因分析及改进

简要介绍壳牌气化炉结构及工艺流程、激冷口结构及存在问题;分析激冷口盘管损坏原因及如何避免;检修优化及取得的效果。     

“边园”访后记

作为对柳亦春近作“边园”的评论，本文以柳亦春的建筑思辨为切入点，试图从“含混”“建筑修辞”“手法主义”的角度揭示该建筑在柳亦春的建筑实践和当代建筑学中的双重意义。     

煤炭生产、消费与工业SO2排放关系计量研究——以西部8省为例

研究目的：探究工业SO₂排放与煤炭生产、消费存在必然的联系。研究方法：相关分析方法和改进的物理学重心模型。研究结果表明：(1)时序特征显示:西部煤炭生产、煤炭消费量和工业SO₂排放量整体都呈现上升趋势,三者增长率均呈现多波峰“M”状波动。2)重心轨迹显示:工业SO₂排放轨迹呈现为“倒L”型,煤炭生产和消费轨迹呈现为“J”型。(3)综合对比发现:煤炭生产从源头上影响工业SO₂排放,煤炭消费从空间上影响工业SO₂排放,为消减工业SO₂排放改善生态环境,必须在优先减少煤炭消费增加清洁能源比重的同时,更应该关注对煤炭生产过程的管控。     

Synthesis,Molecular Modeling and Biological Evaluation of Metabolically Stable Analogues of the Endogenous Fatty Acid Amide Palmitoylethanolamide

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) belongs to the class of N-acylethanolamine and is an endogenous lipid potentially useful in a wide range of therapeutic areas; products containing PEA are licensed for use in humans as a nutraceutical, a food supplement, or food for medical purposes for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties demonstrating efficacy and tolerability. However, the exogenously administered PEA is rapidly inactivated; in this process, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays a key role both in hepatic metabolism and in intracellular degradation. So, the aim of the present study was the design and synthesis of PEA analogues that are more resistant to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. A small library of PEA analogues was designed and tested by molecular docking and density functional theory calculations to find the more stable analogue. The computational investigation identified RePEA as the best candidate in terms of both synthetic accessibility and metabolic stability to FAAH-mediated hydrolysis. The selected compound was synthesized and assayed ex vivo to monitor FAAH-mediated hydrolysis and to confirm its anti-inflammatory properties. ¹H-NMR spectroscopy performed on membrane samples containing FAAH in integral membrane protein demonstrated that RePEA is not processed by FAAH, in contrast with PEA. Moreover, RePEA retains PEA’s ability to inhibit LPS-induced cytokine release in both murine N9 microglial cells and human PMA-THP-1 cells.     

致密油藏注天然气提高采收率研究现状

随着我国石油需求量不断增加,致密油藏的开发也愈发重要。如何高效开发致密油藏是一项重点难点,其中致密油藏注天然气提高采收率是一个极具潜力的研究方向。因此,本文着重介绍以天然气作为能量补充介质在国内外的研究现状和应用现状,并且从两相特征等方面总结了理论研究中的一些机理,对致密油藏注天然气提高采收率的发展前景进行了一定的展望。     

Structural Consequences of the 1,2,3-Triazole as an Amide Bioisostere in Analogues of the Cystic Fibrosis Drugs VX-809 and VX-770

Although the 1,2,3-triazole is a commonly used amide bioisostere in medicinal chemistry, the structural implications of this replacement have not been fully studied. Employing X-ray crystallography and computational studies, we report the spatial and electronic consequences of replacing an amide with the triazole in analogues of cystic fibrosis drugs in the VX-770 and VX-809 series. Crystallographic analyses quantify subtle differences in the relative positions and conformational preferences of the R¹ and R² substituents attached to the amide and triazole bioisosteres. Computational studies derived from the X-ray data highlight the improved hydrogen bonding donor and acceptor capabilities of the amide in comparison to the triazole. This analysis of the spatial and electronic differences between the amide and 1,2,3-triazole will inform medicinal chemists as they consider using the triazole as an amide bioisostere.